What are the signs of endometriosis — and the rights that come with it?

Endometriosis is a chronic condition where cells similar to the ones in the lining of the womb (uterus) are found elsewhere in the body.

Endometriosis is commonly found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bowel, bladder and peritoneum, but can sometimes be found outside the pelvic area. These deposits create an inflammatory reaction that leads to pain and adhesion formation. Symptoms often worsen at different times of the menstrual cycle such as at ovulation and during menstruation.

Symptoms of endometriosis

Some people don’t experience any symptoms of endometriosis. However, for many people, endometriosis profoundly impacts their quality of life. Common symptoms include:

• Pain prior to or during periods
• Pain during ovulation
• Fatigue/lack of energy
• Bloating
• Continuous pelvic, lower back and leg pain
• Infertility

Getting diagnosed

Getting a diagnosis of endometriosis is often delayed as the symptoms can be mistaken for other conditions. The only definitive way to diagnose endometriosis is with a laparoscopy; a surgical procedure performed under a general anaesthetic that allows the surgeon to investigate for signs of endometriosis using a small camera. The surgeon may be able to treat the endometriosis during this procedure to avoid subsequent surgery and take a tissue sample for analysis.

Getting a diagnosis of endometriosis is
often delayed as the symptoms can
be mistaken for other conditions.

Management of endometriosis

If a person suspects they have endometriosis, their GP should refer them to a specialist who can investigate further and decide on the best course of action.

Once diagnosed with endometriosis, management of the condition will depend on how severe the symptoms are and also take into consideration the patient’s desired outcomes (eg. fertility preserving, pain management, etc). Treatment usually includes pain medication, hormone therapy and/or surgery.

Endometriosis and your employment rights

In addition to medical treatment, patients often need extra support from their workplace to help them deal with the condition. It is often helpful for employers to know about the associated health information in order to support an individual — for example, by making reasonable accommodations. The Endometriosis Association of Ireland has developed an Employment Law Guide which provides practical information and guidance for employers and employees to help navigate the law as it may apply to those living with endometriosis.